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Authors
Sa’ari, Athirah Sorfina
Azizan, Nurul ‘Ain
Ismail, Nazrul Hadi
Hamid, Mohd Ramadan Ab https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1464-3210
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Article History
Received: 23 October 2025
Accepted: 13 January 2026
First Online: 25 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study obtained ethical approval from the UiTM Research Ethics Committee (REC/07/2023 (PG/MR/265)). All method applied in this study were carried out strictly in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants prior to data collection, indicating that they acknowledged the purpose, risks, and benefits of this study and that their participation was entirely voluntary.
: The authors declared that all participants agreed and provided written informed consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
