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Authors
Toure, Aly Badara
Hounmenou, Castro Gbêmêmali
Nabe, Aly Badara
Sylla, Younoussa
Bongono, Emile Faya
Sylla, Amadou
Kaba, Aboubacar
Dabre, Djamila
Traore, Sahar
Diallo, Mariama Sadjo
Sidibe, Sidikiba
Delamou, Alexandre
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Article History
Received: 8 June 2025
Accepted: 14 January 2026
First Online: 3 February 2026
Declarations
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: No human subjects were directly involved in this study; only environmental water samples were collected. Therefore, ethical approval was not required. All sampling procedures complied with national environmental regulations. This study did not involve human participants. Water samples were collected from environmental sources (boreholes and rivers) accessible to the public.
: Not applicable. This study did not involve human participants or use any individual person’s data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
