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Article History

Received: 8 August 2025

Accepted: 14 January 2026

First Online: 25 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Family Health University College Ethical and Protocol Review Committee (EPRC), with reference number FHUC EPRC/01/2024-B, Initially, an introductory letter was issued by the University College to the Regional Director of Health Services for the Greater Accra Region, seeking permission to conduct the study in various health facilities in the Municipality. Copies of this letter were later sent to the Municipal Director of Health Services, Ga North Municipality, and the administrators of all participating health facilities after approval. The authors confirm that the research adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, particularly regarding informed consent, participant anonymity, and the maintenance of the highest ethical standards throughout the research process.

: Informed, voluntary, written, and signed consent was obtained from each participant in the study. Participants were thoroughly informed about the study’s purpose, their role, and any potential risks associated with their participation. They were assured that their participation was entirely voluntary and that they had the right to withdraw at any point without consequence. To ensure confidentiality and anonymity, interviews were conducted in private, calm rooms within each health facility, and no personal identifying information was collected on the questionnaires.

: The authors declare no competing interests.