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Authors
Farid, Ahmad https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9072-7598
Setiani, Onny https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5285-2019
Denny, Hanifa M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9359-3153
Lestanyo, Daru https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6614-773X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Indonesia Education Scholarship (202209092998)
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Article History
Received: 16 September 2025
Accepted: 20 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University (Approval No: 619/EA/KEPK-FKM/2023). The research protocol was approved and conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the committee and complied with relevant national regulations, as well as the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki for research involving human participants. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants involved in this study.
: All participants provided consent for publication of anonymized data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
