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Authors
Ramos-Vera, Cristian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3417-5701
Quispe-Callo, Gleni https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3994-9523
Segura-Míñope, Sussan G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8546-2751
Calizaya-Milla, Yaquelin E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0170-6131
Saintila, Jacksaint https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7340-7974
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Article History
Received: 28 August 2025
Accepted: 20 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
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: Data from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (Perú) are publicly available. In our analysis, we have used non-identifiable secondary data; therefore, this study did not require the approval of institutional and/or designated licensing committee. On the other hand, written informed consent to participate in this research was obtained in accordance with national legislation. The anonymized data are openly available on the INEI open data website (URL: (accessed on 04 April 2024).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
