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Article History

Received: 27 July 2025

Accepted: 23 January 2026

First Online: 6 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations [Declaration of Helsinki]. This study was approved by the research committee of Iraq’s Ministry of Health/Karbala Health Directorate, approval number [2/7/2024.]. All participants provided informed consent electronically before participating. At the start of the online questionnaire, participants were given thorough information on the study’s objectives, procedures, voluntary nature, and data confidentiality. Before accessing and completing the questionnaire, participants had to provide their agreement (by selecting the “I agree to participate” option).

: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual participant’s identifiable data, images, or personal information.

: The authors declare no competing interests.