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Article History

Received: 19 September 2025

Accepted: 24 January 2026

First Online: 6 February 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was not required for this study, as it is based on secondary, anonymized data from the National Bureau of Statistics with technical support provided by UNICEF, which is publicly available at . Access to the dataset requires users to create an account and submit a standard data-use request through the National Bureau of Statistics microdata portal. Once approval is granted, the anonymized datasets can be downloaded for research purposes. Informed consent was obtained by the National Bureau of Statistics and UNICEF field investigators from all survey participants prior to data collection.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.