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Article History

Received: 22 September 2025

Accepted: 2 February 2026

First Online: 12 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The view expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the Ministry of Health Malaysia.

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) Ethics Review Board, Ref: UNIMAS/TNC(PI)09–65/01 Jld. 4 (61) dated 10 March 2025. All methods were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Malaysian Good Clinical Practice Guideline.

: Administrative approvals were obtained from the Samarahan Division Department of Agriculture and the respective district agriculture offices. All participants were provided with clear information about the study objectives, potential risks and benefits before consent was sought. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant and confidentiality of responses was maintained throughout the study. Participation was entirely voluntary, and respondents were informed of their right to decline or withdraw from the study at any stage without any consequence.

: All participants provided consent for anonymised data to be used for research publication purposes. No identifying information of individual participants was included in this manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.