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Authors
Etiler, Nilay https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5711-3733
Yavuz, Melike https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9037-6770
Altinay, Zeynep https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-6006
Lensch, Taylor https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2027-4338
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Article History
Received: 16 September 2025
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted as an ecological analysis using publicly available, aggregated data at the provincial level. No individual-level data were collected or analyzed. Therefore, ethical approval was not required in accordance with national regulations and institutional guidelines. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant ethical standards. Consent to participate is not applicable. The study did not involve human participants or individual-level data.
: Not applicable. The study did not include any individual-level data or identifiable personal information.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
