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Authors
Takyi, Sylvia A.
Goodrich, Jaclyn M.
Robins, Thomas
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fogarty International Center
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Article History
Received: 18 June 2025
Accepted: 5 February 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving human subjects were approved by the University of Ghana College of Health Sciences Ethical and Protocol Review Committee on November 25, 2022 (CHS-Et/M.4 - P 5.5/2022–2023, IRB: 00006220, IORG:0005170, FWA:000185779). Written informed consent was obtained from all adult participants prior to study enrollment. For children aged 5–17 years, consent was obtained from a parent or guardian, and verbal assent was obtained from the children accordingly. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any time without penalty.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
