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Article History

Received: 13 September 2025

Accepted: 5 February 2026

First Online: 15 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study relied exclusively on publicly available, anonymized secondary data. As such, it did not involve any direct interaction with human subjects, and therefore, did not require ethical approval or informed consent. The research adhered to the ethical guidelines for the use of secondary data, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of the data sources.

: Not applicable. This study does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including any individual details, images, or videos), and therefore, consent for publication was not required.

: The authors declare no competing interests.