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Authors
Naik, Gita https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3364-8060
Dolui, Mriganka https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7568-0299
Patra, Dinabandhu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9962-3739
Behera, Jagannath https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-2449
Sarkar, Sanjit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5906-3098
Das, Moumita https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2143-4020
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Article History
Received: 19 October 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 19 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study utilizes secondary data from the 2019-21 National Family and Health Survey round five (NFHS-5), which is the Indian iteration of the demographic health survey (DHS). The present dataset does not contain any personal identity or information about the individuals who participated in the survey. Consequently, the investigation did not need ethical approval.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
