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Authors
Quan, Hoang Long https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3813-5912
Van Can, Phan
Hanh, Tran Thi Tuyet https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9191-577X
Kane, Sumit https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4858-7344
Hoang, Le Tu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5482-7914
Hai, Phan Thi
Anh, Duong Tu
Thanh, Nguyen Thi Minh
Van Duc, Lang
Lien, An Hong
Van Minh, Hoang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4749-5536
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Vietnam Tobacco Control Fund (No. 114/2024/QPCTHTL-ĐHYTCC)
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Article History
Received: 29 October 2025
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 18 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocols for PGATS 2024 were approved by the Ethics Committee of Hanoi University of Public Health (Decision No. 353/2024/YTCC-HD3 dated 15th August 2024). The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and followed STROBE guidelines for reporting observational studies. The research complies with the review process of the Science and Technology Council of the University of Public Health and is approved by the University. The research did not cause any harm to the spirit, health, or life of the research participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
