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Authors
Dolui, Mriganka https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7568-0299
Ghoshal, Sucharita https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0013-5741
Sarkar, Sanjit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5906-3098
Chakrabarty, Mahashweta https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5151-9572
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Article History
Received: 19 October 2025
Accepted: 17 February 2026
First Online: 27 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study is based on secondary data from the 2019-21 National Family and Health Survey round five (NFHS-5), which is the Indian version of the demographic health survey (DHS). The dataset has no personal identification or information of the survey participants. Therefore, no ethical approval was required for conducting this study. The data can be accessed by requesting it on the official website of DHS: .
: The authors declare no competing interests.
