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Article History

Received: 2 October 2025

Accepted: 19 February 2026

First Online: 11 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of the Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences & Technology University, Kandahar 3801, Afghanistan (REF). No. ANASTU/VET/EC/1403/12. The principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the ethical standards established by the review board were meticulously adhered to throughout all procedures conducted for this research endeavor. The authors ensured that the ethics committee was informed of the study’s progress, any notable alterations to the research design, and the comprehensive findings presented in the final report. Before commencing data collection, the researcher secured written consent from each participant and their respective legal guardians.

: All authors have read and approved the final version of this manuscript. Ahmadullah Zahir had full access to all of the data in this study and takes complete responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

: The authors declare no competing interests.