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Authors
Inusah, Abdul-Wahab https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8184-7355
Azugnue, Thomas Ayuomah
Jagha, Temple O. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1995-7067
Ziblim, Shamsu-Deen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9315-5778
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Article History
Received: 13 August 2025
Accepted: 1 March 2026
First Online: 11 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study did not involve direct collection of primary data from human participants. It utilized secondary anonymized data extracted from the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) platform. Ethical approval was obtained by the original data-collecting entities as described in their respective protocols. Therefore, further ethical approval for this analysis was not required. Not applicable. The study used publicly available anonymized secondary data and did not involve any direct contact or intervention with human subjects.
: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form including images or videos. All authors have reviewed and approved the final manuscript for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
