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Authors
Hamamra, Bilal
Shehab, Ekrema
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Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 2 March 2026
First Online: 9 April 2026
Declarations
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: The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of An-Najah National University, adhering to the ethical guidelines set by the American Psychological Association (2010). All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of An-Najah National University (Approval No.: MAS; approved on 20 April 2025) and the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision).
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation in the study.
: Not applicable. No identifying information is included in this manuscript.
: All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
