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Authors
Safi, Ayazullah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0963-8353
Jadhakhan, Ferozkhan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4545-3703
Hossain, Muhammad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4939-1597
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Birmingham City Council
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Article History
Received: 29 December 2025
Accepted: 2 March 2026
First Online: 15 March 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Birmingham City University Faculty Ethics Committee (Ref: Hossain /#13344 /sub2 /R(A) /2024 /Sep /HELS FAEC)). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation in the study.
: Participants were informed that anonymised quotations might be used in publications arising from this study, and consented to publication of anonymised data.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
