Debnath, Avijit https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5085-1864
Paul, Shanku https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4246-9267
Article History
Received: 10 August 2025
Accepted: 3 March 2026
First Online: 25 March 2026
Declarations
:
: This study is based on secondary analysis of anonymized, publicly available data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 (2017–18). The LASI survey protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, and collaborating institutions. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants at the time of data collection; no additional consent was required for the present secondary analysis of de-identified data.
: No applicable. The study is based on publicly available, anonymized secondary data and does not include any individual-level identifiable information or images requiring publication consent.
: The authors declare no competing interests.