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Authors
Sesay, Bockarie Pompay https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5812-7421
Conteh, Abdul Rahman
Kobbay, Mohamed Sahr
Gebru, Gebrekrstos Negash https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2210-6469
Elduma, Adel Hussein https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0787-710X
Rogers, Mohamed Kemoh https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-6590
Gogra, Alhaji Brima https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3198-9029
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Article History
Received: 7 October 2025
Accepted: 4 March 2026
First Online: 25 March 2026
Declarations
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: The project protocol was submitted to the Sierra Leone Research Ethical Committee for their review and approval before commencing the study. An ethical approval was obtained from the Sierra Leone Ethics and Scientific Review Committee and a research number was allocated as such: (SLESRC No: 020/02/2023). All workers who were present during the survey and of any age category were asked to given a verbal or written informed consent and signed a consent form before participating in the study. Participants who cannot read or write, the consent form was read for them and a co-worker or friend designated by the participant signed the consent form. Respondents were informed to decline any questions they found uncomfortable. The workplace managers or supervisors were informed about the study. Confidentiality was assured, under no circumstances was the questionnaires with identifiers shared with anyone not involved in the study. Once the information is entered into the main database, personal identifiers (names and workplace addresses) were removed. The electronic database was stored in password-protected computer.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
