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Authors
Ahmad, Iftikhar https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9756-7514
Younus, Sabah https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4123-1431
Khalid, Muhammad Awais
Hayee, Raisham
Mayo, Muhammad Burhan
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Article History
Received: 4 January 2026
Accepted: 6 March 2026
First Online: 15 March 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical clearance for this study was granted by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the National College of Business Administration & Economics, Lahore, Sub-Campus Multan, Pakistan (Ref: NCBAE/ORIC/2025/045). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Not Applicable.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were explicitly informed of the study’s purpose, their right to withdraw at any time without consequence, and the strict confidentiality of their responses prior to data collection.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
