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Authors
Kwaku, Ofe Eugene
Cui, Yangyang
Wu, Fenglin
Xiong, Lijuan
Du, Linqin
Zeng, Lang
Li, Shikang
Zhang, Yonghong
Zhou, Peng
Zhou, Zheng
Ding, Xuefeng
Yue, Rongchuan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research and development program of North Sichuan Medical College (CBY23-TD01)
Nanchong science and technology plan project (23JCYJPT0059)
Research and Development Plan project of Clinical School and Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical University (2024PTZK007)
Guang 'an science and technology innovation project (2024SYF16)
Sichuan Medical Science and Technology Innovation Research Society Program (YCH-KY-YCZD2024-015)
Sichuan Medical Association wound and chronic disease (Tai Ge) special research project (2024TG38)
Sichuan Province Clinical Key Specialty Construction Project (2023GZZKP002)
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Article History
Received: 16 October 2025
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 31 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study utilized de-identified, publicly available data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 repository. Ethical approval was waived as no individual patient data were collected.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
