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Article History

Received: 23 May 2025

Accepted: 27 March 2026

First Online: 2 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethics Committee of the University of Dodoma approved all experimental protocols. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The researchers obtained written informed consent from all individual participants who were recruited in this study. Before data collection, the purpose of the research, procedures, potential risks, and benefits were clearly explained to each participant. Participation was voluntary, anonymous, confidential and respondents had the right to decline or withdraw from participating in this study at any point in time without any consequence.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.