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Authors
Khan, Javeria https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9673-8336
Mumtaz, Sarwat https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9382-3182
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Article History
Received: 19 February 2025
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 20 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted using publicly available national survey data and did not involve direct interaction with human participants. Formal ethical approval was obtained from ethical review committee sohail university, Karachi, Pakistan.
: Consent for publication was not required as the study used anonymized secondary data and does not include any identifiable personal information.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
