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Authors
Asiimwe, John Baptist https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-9204
Nuwabaine, Lilian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3255-3876
Betunga, Benjamin
Sserwanja, Quraish https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0576-4627
Kawuki, Joseph https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-1111
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Article History
Received: 17 October 2025
Accepted: 3 April 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Declarations
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: In this study, high international ethical standards are ensured during MEASURE DHS surveys, and the study protocol is performed following the relevant guidelines. The KDHS 2022 survey protocol was reviewed and approved by the Kenya Ethics and Scientific Review Committee and the ICF Institutional Review Board. This data set was obtained from the MEASURE DHS website (URL: Kenya 2022 Demographic and Health Survey - Summary Report [SR277]) after getting their permission, and no formal ethical clearance was required since we conducted a secondary analysis of publicly available data. Written informed consent was obtained from human participants, and written informed consent was also obtained from legally authorized representatives of minor participants.
: Data used to conduct this study is publicly available and de-identified; participants consented to the publication of their data as long as it is de-identified.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
