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Authors
Ademiluyi, Dare D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3154-3924
Ojo-Adalumo, Ayobami R. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6889-7322
Olubiyi, Esther D. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8048-5196
Ogunniyi, Akinade E. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1961-3214
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Article History
Received: 9 January 2026
Accepted: 6 April 2026
First Online: 28 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical clearance for this study was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta (FMCA/470/HREC/17/2024/30). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and all other relevant internationally accepted ethical guidelines and regulations governing research involving human participants. Prior to data collection, detailed information regarding the study objectives, procedures, potential benefits, and participants’ rights was provided to all eligible students and their parents or guardians. Written informed consent was obtained from parents or legal guardians, and written informed assent was obtained from all adolescent participants. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. Confidentiality was ensured through the use of anonymized identification codes, and access to study data was restricted to the research team.
: Not applicable. No individual-level data, images, or identifiable information are included in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
