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Authors
Fattah, Arefe
Al-Awabdeh, Eman https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9665-2668
Kadhim, Alaa Jawad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4306-6830
Mottershead, Richard https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0048-0553
Hosseinzadeh, Mohaddeseh
Chenari, Hadi Ahmadi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2449-8670
Rajabi, Erfan
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Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Accepted: 13 April 2026
First Online: 30 May 2026
Declarations
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: Official permissions were gained from relevant authorities before collecting the study data, starting by getting the approval of the Council of the Nursing College/University of Baghdad. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Informed written consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Not applicable (The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
