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Authors
Namayawa, Sibongile
Musonda, Emmanuel
Zulu, Robert
Mumba, Peter
Sikaluzwe, Milika
Phiri, Million
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Article History
Received: 6 November 2025
Accepted: 14 April 2026
First Online: 26 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study employed data from anonymised, publicly accessible datasets managed by the DHS Program. Authorization was requested from and approved by the DHS program to obtain the data for research purposes. The DHS surveys underwent review and received approval from the ICF Institutional Review Board in Lesotho. Prior to data collection in Zambia, the DHS protocols ensured adherence to ethical procedures. In the DHS survey, all participants above the age of 18 were obligated to provide their consent. Furthermore, consent was obtained from parents or guardians of all participants aged 15 to 17 prior to seeking consent from the minors themselves.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
