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Article History

Received: 26 November 2025

Accepted: 14 April 2026

First Online: 6 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee. Ethical approval was obtained from the Nasarawa State Health Research Ethics Committee (Reference: NSHREC/2025/04/KEF/112). All procedures involving human participants were reviewed and approved prior to data collection.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were fully informed about the purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits of the study. For participants under 18 years, consent was additionally obtained from a parent or legal guardian. Participation was voluntary, and participants were free to withdraw at any time without consequence.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.