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Article History

Received: 23 May 2025

Accepted: 14 April 2026

First Online: 8 May 2026

Declarations

:

: All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations required for the conduct of a scientific study. The Committee on Human Research and Publications Ethics of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) granted ethical approval (CHRPE/AP/145/22) for the conduct of this study. At the local level, the Sagnarigu Municipal Assembly and the Environmental Health Directorate granted the needed permission for the conduct of the study. The study did not involve a clinical trial hence clinical trial number not applicable. After the whole objective and details of the study were made known to participants. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants through informed consent forms completed and signed by all eligible participants before data collection.

: All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and consent to its publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.