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Article History

Received: 12 January 2026

Accepted: 17 April 2026

First Online: 2 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Official approval to use the hospital registry data for research purposes was obtained from the administration of the Tertiary Maternity and Pediatric Hospital in Muthanna Province (Approval No. E120/12/2023). The study was conducted using anonymized retrospective records without direct patient contact or intervention.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.