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Authors
Madu, Francis Ugochukwu
Ogbulie, Toochukwu Ekwutosi
Akubugwo, Emmanuel Iroha
Uhegbu, Friday Obinwa
Agoro, Eni-yimini Solomon
Nwosu, Oluchi Ulunma
Ugenyi, Assumpta Ugbonma
Ononogbo, Purity Chioma
Madu, Miracle Chinwenmeri
Obinduka, Felix Oguchi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tertiary Education Trust Fund
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Article History
Received: 6 January 2026
Accepted: 23 April 2026
First Online: 3 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the University of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Umuagwo, with ethical approval certificate number UAES/URC/EAC/0001/FoEvt and the Enugu State Ministry of Health research ethics committee with certificate number MH/MSD/REC21/611. All participants provided written informed consent prior to sample collection, ensuring compliance with ethical standards. Informed written consent was obtained from the storekeepers.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
