Pydi, Meghana Ratna https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6895-8425
Parikh, Neha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9230-7127
Ranawat, Purnima https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2320-4909
Kaur, Ravneet
Shankar, A. G.
Chaudhuri, Angela https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6107-6349
Stankard, Petra https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0581-6425
Shilton, Sonjelle https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1569-8758
Srinivasan, Aditi https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2250-8954
Chowdhury, Joyita https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8374-4301
Reipold, Elena Ivanova https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2872-5161
Syam, Syama B. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4619-4309
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung
Article History
Received: 25 November 2025
Accepted: 27 April 2026
First Online: 7 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The Catalyst Foundation Institutional Ethics Committee approved all human participant-related documents on January 19, 2022, before the commencement of the study. All procedures in this study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed written consent prior to their inclusion in the study. Before data collection, participants received briefings on the study’s purpose and potential risks, with the freedom to pause interviews at any time, ask clarifying questions, or skip questions that caused discomfort. Participants were apprised of the stringent measures taken to protect their identity and confidentiality. No financial remuneration or material rewards were provided to participants for their involvement in the study; however, participants were provided with the SARS-CoV-2 self-test kits at no cost as part of the implementation pilot.
: Participants were apprised of and consented to the possibility of using information gathered from the study in an aggregated form or as individual perspectives in manuscripts or reports after de-identifying any personal information.
: The authors declare no competing interests.