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Article History

Received: 11 December 2025

Accepted: 28 April 2026

First Online: 12 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Approval to conduct this study was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Research Committee of the Department of Biology, Debre Markos University. This research did not constitute a clinical trial; therefore, clinical trial registration and a registration number were not required. Prior to participation, written informed consent was obtained from all respondents. Confidentiality of participant information was ensured, and all collected data were securely stored and used solely for research purposes. The study was carried out in compliance with the ethical standards and principles of the Declaration of Helsinki governing research involving human participants. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participants were clearly informed about the purpose of the study, procedures involved, potential risks and benefits, and their rights to decline participation or withdraw from the study at any time without any penalty or loss of benefits. Confidentiality and anonymity of the information provided were assured, and participation was entirely voluntary.

: Written informed consent to publish was obtained from all study participants prior to data collection, ensuring that all data were reported in anonymized form without personal identifiers.

: The authors declare no competing interests.