Document is current

Article History

Received: 7 February 2026

Accepted: 28 April 2026

First Online: 12 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the University of Benin Teaching Hospital Health Research Ethics Committee (HREC). The study protocol was reviewed and approved under Protocol Number ADM/E 22 A/VOL. VII/1483/3007, with approval granted on 20 November 2025 and valid until 19 November 2026. The research was conducted in accordance with the guidelines, regulations, and ethical standards of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital Health Research Ethics Committee (HREC) and in compliance with internationally accepted principles for research involving human participants. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrolment in the study. Participants were informed about the purpose of the study, procedures involved, potential risks and benefits, and their right to withdraw at any time without any consequences. Confidentiality and anonymity of participant information were strictly maintained throughout the study.

: Not applicable. This study does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including images, videos, or detailed personal information) that would require consent for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.