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Authors
Haque, Md Imdadul https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-9157
Ahmed, Kawsar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3248-1606
Shimul, Md. Monir Hossain https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6443-3265
Chowdhury, ABM Alauddin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9454-1435
Muhammad, Faisal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5785-1290
Khaium, M. Omar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4908-7672
Shahinuzzaman, Md. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4147-1541
Khandker, Salamat https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3334-5905
BakiBillah, Abul Hasan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0275-6536
Khan, Salim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6772-9854
Chowdhury, Moniruddin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-0427
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Article History
Received: 3 December 2025
Accepted: 28 April 2026
First Online: 9 May 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee (REC) of the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh (Ref. No: FHLS-REC/DIU/2021/36). The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines and regulations of the approving committee. The objectives, procedures, and potential risks of the study were clearly explained to all respondents and written informed consent was obtained from each participant, emphasizing voluntary participation and the right to withdraw at any time without consequences. The study adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and ensured no coercion or exploitation of vulnerable groups. No experiments on humans and/or the use of human tissue samples were done in this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
