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Article History

Received: 6 February 2026

Accepted: 30 April 2026

First Online: 18 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in strict accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was evaluated and approved by the Istanbul Beykent University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee for Social and Human Sciences. The official ethical approval was granted on March 9, 2026, with the document number E-45778635-050.99-226123.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were explicitly informed that their participation was voluntary, anonymous, and that their responses would be used solely for academic purposes.

: The author affirms that human research participants provided informed consent for the publication of the aggregate data presented in this study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.