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Authors
Ademiluyi, Dare D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3154-3924
Ogunniyi, Akinade E. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1961-3214
Uthman-Akinhanmi, Yewande O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1033-2362
Ojo-Adalumo, Ayobami R. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6889-7322
Olubiyi, Esther D. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8048-5196
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Article History
Received: 24 January 2026
Accepted: 5 May 2026
First Online: 19 May 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria (Approval No: FMCA/470/HREC/01/2023/56). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Because the participants were adolescents under 18 years of age, written informed consent was obtained from parents or legal guardians before enrolment. In addition, written informed assent was obtained from all participating adolescents. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any time without consequence. Confidentiality was ensured through anonymised coding of data and restricted access to study records.
: Written informed consent for publication of anonymised data was obtained from parents or legal guardians of all participating adolescents. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript and consented to its submission for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
