Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Sani, Jamilu https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9089-5973
Abbani, Abubakar Yakubu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5014-8327
Dzeble, Jonas Horlali
Odame, Michael Larbi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0995-0569
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 7 January 2026
Accepted: 8 May 2026
First Online: 26 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The study was based on secondary data obtained from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) Program. Ethical approval for data collection in the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) was granted by the Ghana Health Service Ethical Review Committee and the ICF Institutional Review Board. This research was carried out following the guidelines of these ethics committees and was conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations of the Declaration of Helsinki. In accordance with the policies for research involving human subjects, freely-given, informed consent was obtained from all survey respondents prior to their participation in the study. For any participants under the age of 16, informed consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians in accordance with the GDHS protocol.
: Not applicable. The study used publicly available, de-identified secondary data that do not include personal identifiers.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
