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Authors
Siame, Lukundo
Nalomba, Chilufya
Miyoba, Michelo H.
Siame, Nema
Mandumbwa, Kalusambu
Chakulya, Martin
Siakabanze, Chileleko
Luwaya, Emmanuel L.
Liweleya, Situmbeko
Chanda, Chitalu
Masenga, Sepiso K.
Hamooya, Benson M.
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Article History
Received: 4 January 2026
Accepted: 8 May 2026
First Online: 24 May 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Mulungushi University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (Reference: SMHS-MU3-2025-344) on 22 October 2025. The research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the guidelines and regulations of the above-mentioned ethics committee. The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Mulungushi University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee because this study involved the use of de-identified secondary data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
