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Article History

Received: 21 November 2025

Accepted: 12 May 2026

First Online: 18 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was conducted with the approval of the Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research at Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam, under Decision No. 448/2022/YTCC-HD3 dated December 13th, 2022. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants prior to their inclusion in the study. All participants were fully informed about the study’s objectives, the voluntary nature of their participation, and their right to withdraw at any time without any negative impact on their professional status.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.