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Authors
Ghostin, Marguerite https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4853-0030
Gerges, Clara https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9469-2731
Sacre, Hala https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6547-6251
Malhab, Sandrella Bou https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3950-3022
Haddad, Chadia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2413-2684
Hatem, Rana https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6645-798X
Sakr, Fouad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-5814
Eid, Roy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-0924
Chkayban, Georgia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3346-5133
Karam, David
Hajj, Aline https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0826-6033
Youssef, Dalal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3085-6849
Salameh, Pascale https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4780-0772
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Article History
Received: 26 November 2025
Accepted: 19 May 2026
First Online: 16 June 2026
Declarations
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: The study received ethical clearance on February 3, 2025, from the Ethics and Research Committee of the Lebanese International University (approval number: 2025ERC-010-LIUSOP). The study adhered to all applicable ethical standards and national research regulations. The Lebanese International University – Ethics and Research Committee approved the study protocol (approval number: 2025ERC-010-LIUSOP; February 3, 2025). Informed consent was obtained electronically from all participants prior to their enrollment: participants were required to tick boxes indicating their willingness to participate and share their data anonymously. All procedures were conducted following ethical guidelines and regulatory standards. Electronic informed consent was obtained from all participants before proceeding to the survey.
: Not applicable. No individual data is presented in the article; only aggregated data that we generated based on the database. We thus consent to publish and transfer the copyright to the publisher.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
