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Authors
Yilema, Seyifemickael Amare https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9445-6038
Belay, Alebachew Taye
Rad, Najmeh Nakhaei
Chen, Ding-Geng
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Article History
Received: 5 January 2026
Accepted: 22 May 2026
First Online: 7 June 2026
Declarations
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: The protocol for the original survey data collection was approved by the Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) Research Ethics Committee (REC: 4/18/11/15) in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the Human Sciences Research Council, as well as by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of Global HIV and TB (DGHT) and the Center for Global Health (CGH), in accordance with applicable international human research ethics standards. Additional ethical approval for the secondary data analysis was obtained from the University of Pretoria Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Ethics Committee (Reference Number: NAS008/2026; email: ethics.nas@up.ac.za). The secondary data analysis was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards and regulations approved by the committee.
: The manuscript has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration by any other journal. Both authors approved the final manuscript and agreed with the submission.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
