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Authors
Saikia, Deepjyoti
Debnath, Rabin
Sari, Clarynda
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Article History
Received: 5 March 2026
Accepted: 26 May 2026
First Online: 12 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study is a secondary analysis of publicly available, anonymised aggregate data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019–2021), conducted by the International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, in collaboration with ICF International, USA, under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Ethical clearance for the original survey was granted by the IIPS Institutional Ethics Committee and the ICF Institutional Review Board.Not applicable (consent was obtained by IIPS).
: Not applicable (fully anonymised aggregate data).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
