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Authors
Sahoo, Pradeep Kumar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2565-425X
Mohanty, Ranjan Kumar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4902-3209
Rout, Himanshu Sekhar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8445-340X
Paltasingh, Kirtti Ranjan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-6137
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Article History
Received: 15 February 2026
Accepted: 27 May 2026
First Online: 11 June 2026
Declarations
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: The research was approved by the Departmental Research Committee (DRC) of the Department of Analytical & Applied Economics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India. Informed consent was sought before conducting personal interviews with the sample households, with the confirmation of maintaining data confidentiality. The study was performed in accordance with the principles stated in the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Number of Decision: Eco/157/2021. Date and place when Approval was issued: 24/07/2021 (Bhubaneswar). Respondents’ informed consent was taken at the time of data collection, and necessary administrative permission was obtained from the Department of Mines. All participants of the survey were provided with clear information about the study objectives, potential risks and benefits before consent was sought. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant, and confidentiality of responses was maintained throughout the study. Participation was entirely voluntary, and respondents were informed of their right to decline or withdraw from the study at any stage without any consequence.
: All participants provided consent for anonymised data to be used for research publication purposes. No identifying information of individual participants was included in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
