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Authors
Asshiddiqi, M. Ischaq Nabil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7208-5918
Yodchai, Kantaporn
Thaniwattananon, Ploenpit
Lewis, Emma C.
Gittelsohn, Joel
Hadi, Hamam
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Higher Education Research Promotion and Thailand’s Education Hub for Southern Region of ASEAN Countries Project Office of the Higher Education Commission. (TEH-AC 036/2017.)
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Article History
Received: 21 February 2026
Accepted: 29 May 2026
First Online: 12 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board, Behavioural and Social Science, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, number PSU IRB 2019-NSt 004. Permission was also obtained from the hospital (RSUP Soeradji Tirtonegoro) Indonesia number DP.02.01/II.2.2//2019/7666. The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participating in the study.
: Not applicable as no individual person’s data are presented in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
