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Article History

Received: 28 January 2026

Accepted: 2 June 2026

First Online: 23 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2013. All study protocols and procedures involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Board of Studies (Approval Committee), University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan (40100). Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants and from the legal guardians/parents for minors prior to inclusion in the study.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.