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Authors
Imalele, Edema Enogiomwan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3774-5121
Odogu, Ifeakachukwu Kennedy
Mondo, Ngumter Jeremiah
Moses, Juliana
Bassey, Daniel Akpan
Ajifen, Elizabeth Agbo
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Article History
Received: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 8 June 2026
First Online: 18 June 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Cross River State Ministry of Health, Health Research Ethics Committee (Reference: CRS/MH/HREC/024/VOL.9/054). All study activities complied with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and institutional guidelines.
: Participants were fully briefed on the study objectives, and written informed consent was obtained from each mother. Oral consent procedures were also reviewed and approved by the ethics committees of the participating hospitals. To maintain confidentiality, respondents were assigned coded identifiers rather than names. Participation was voluntary, and consent was secured prior to enrolment.
: Participants gave informed consent for the dissemination of anonymized data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
