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Article History

Received: 11 February 2026

Accepted: 8 June 2026

First Online: 16 June 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Faculty Research Examination Committee of the Water Technology Institute, Arba Minch University (Approval No. WSEE-FREC 230/24), dated February 4, 2024. This study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection after explaining the study objectives and procedures. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants had the right to withdraw at any time without consequences. No personal identifiable information was collected, and all data were treated confidentially and used solely for research purposes.

: Not applicable as the manuscript contains no individual person’s data, images, or videos.

: The authors declare no competing interests.