Document is current

Article History

Received: 16 January 2026

Accepted: 16 June 2026

First Online: 27 June 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable. This study was based on anonymized secondary data obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat). Official permission was granted by TurkStat to use the microdata from the Household Information Technology (IT) Usage Survey, and a Letter of Undertaking was completed in accordance with TurkStat regulations. The Household Information Technology (IT) Usage Survey is conducted by TurkStat within the scope of the Official Statistics Program established under the Turkish Statistics Law No. 5429. As the study used anonymized secondary data collected by a governmental statistical authority and did not involve direct contact with human participants, ethical committee approval was not required under applicable national regulations. The research was conducted in accordance with the relevant regulations governing the use of official statistical microdata in Türkiye. The data used in this study were collected by TurkStat in accordance with the legal framework governing official statistics in Türkiye. The authors had no role in the original data collection process and used only anonymized secondary data made available by TurkStat for scientific research purposes. The study was based on secondary anonymized microdata obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat). No direct participant recruitment, intervention, or data collection process was conducted by the authors.

: Not applicable. This study used anonymized secondary data obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TurkStat), and no identifiable individual data or images are included in this manuscript.

: The author declares no competing interests.